Esclerosis sistémica. Evaluación clínico-epidemiológica de una serie de casos en dos centros de referencia en Cuba

Gil Alberto Reyes Llerena, Zoila Marlene Guibert Toledano, Gilberto Moises López Cabreja, Camilo Hernández Derivet, Rúben Macías Álvarez, José Pedro Martínez Larrarte, Rodolfo Ramiro Álvarez Villanueva

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Introducción: La esclerosis sistémica es una enfermedad grave y potencialmente mortal causante de marcada fibrosis de la piel y múltiples órganos viscerales vitales. Esta entidad presenta diferentes grados de severidad y progresión, con mortalidad incrementada.
Objetivos: Determinar las características socio demográficas, clínico-epidemiológicas, y manejo terapéutico de una serie de 34 pacientes cubanos atendidos en centros de referencia de Reumatología.
Método: Se recogieron variables  clínicas, órganos y sistemas afectados, test de laboratorio e inmunología, endoscopía gastrduodenal (EGD), ecografía cardíaca, cateterismo, TAC de alta resolución, pruebas funcionales respiratorias (PFR), y otros estudios, terapéutica seguida, complicaciones  y desenlace.
Resultados: presentaron formas difusas de la enfermedad 20 (58.8 %), formas limitadas 11 (32.3 %), 2 síndromes de CREST (5.88 %) y una sobreposición. El tiempo de evolución promedio fue de 7.4 años DS/5.3. La participación músculo-esquelética (ME) en 16 (47 %), retracciones articulares, úlceras digitales y resorción de falanges en 4 (12.5 %).
La participación gastrointestinal (56.2 %) y 16 /19 (85%) desarrollaron disfagia que fue severa en 5(31.2 %). Insuficiencia respiratoria 9 (26.4%), en tanto la afectación cardiaca 8 (23%), y 6 (17.6%) presentaron afectación renal. El 68% de esta serie presentó fenómeno de Raynaud.
Conclusiones: Llevaron tratamiento con antifibróticos del tipo D’Pencilamina 19(55.8 %), procinéticos 16 (47.4%) y gastroprotectores 8 (23.5 %). Esteroides 9 (26.4 %), IECA 7 (20.5 %), sildelnafil 3 (8.82%) entre otras drogas. Conclusiones: La afectación de órganos vitales resulta similar en población cubana al compararse con las series publicadas, con mayor repercusión gastrointestinal y respiratoria. Evolución general tórpida.

Palabras clave

esclerosis Sistémica; esclerodernia; enfermedades inmunológicas

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